Myelopathy

Myelopathy occurs when long-term pressure on the spinal cord may lead to weakness, numbness, or more permanent balance issues. A myriad of symptoms may occur when the spinal cord malfunctions due to that extensive pressure. Understanding the causes of myelopathy and exploring your treatment options are important steps toward recovery.

Myelopathy occurs when the spinal cord becomes compressed, most often in the neck or upper back, disrupting the signals that travel between the brain and the rest of the body.

Most people describe myelopathy as clumsiness in the hands, weakness in the arms or legs, and difficulty with balance or walking. It can also cause neck pain, numbness, or, in some cases, changes in bladder or bowel control.

POSH specialists offer a range of treatments to help patients manage myelopathy, tailored to each patient’s individual needs. What is most important is that patients seek immediate evaluation if they believe they may have some or all of the symptoms mentioned above.

Myelopathy typically develops when nearby tissue puts long-term pressure on the spinal cord. Common causes include:

  • Cervical or thoracic spinal stenosis
  • Herniated or bulging discs
  • Bone spurs that form along the spine
  • Age-related wear on the spine
  • Injury or trauma to the spine

Diagnosing myelopathy starts with a thorough evaluation by a POSH spine specialist. Our specialists typically evaluate patients by:

  • Physical exams: Our specialists will review your medical history and assess your strength, reflexes, coordination, and balance to help identify the underlying cause.
  • Imaging tests. X-rays, MRI or CT scans give our specialists a detailed look at the disc and surrounding structures, helping confirm a diagnosis.
  • Diagnostic tests. This may include specialized tests such as an Electromyography/Nerve Conduction study, also known as an EMG/NCV, which looks at the function of the nerves in question or the overall spinal cord.

Because myelopathy can progress quickly without treatment, a POSH specialist may discuss surgical options early in your treatment cycle if the diagnostic findings indicate significant pressure on the neural structures and your clinical presentation is concerning for permanent harm. These procedures may include:

  • Laminectomy or Laminotomy: A procedure that removes part of the vertebra to create more space and relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves.
  • Spinal fusion: Stabilizes the spine by fusing two or more vertebrae together, often performed alongside a laminectomy for added support.
  • Laminoplasty: A procedure that uses your own bone anatomy in combination with small miniature plates and screws to create more structural room for the spinal cord. This procedure often preserves your own anatomy and alignment without forcing you to undergo a fusion procedure.

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